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History of the Forth & Clyde Canal

It's an exciting story - the first canal to be built in Scotland, and then, much more recently, the largest ever canal restoration project.

Starting in the East

When work began on the Forth & Clyde Canal in 1768, the plan was for the waterway to progress steadily westwards from the Forth via the River Carron to Stockingfield (Maryhill), in Glasgow.

Funding crisis

9 years later, work stopped due to lack of funds and 8 years went by before money forfeited from the Jacobite Estates became available, allowing the canal to continue its journey to the River Clyde.

Working life

In 1790, at 35 miles long, and wide enough to accommodate sea-going vessels, the Forth & Clyde opened. The canal was bought by Caledonian Railway in 1867 (as a condition of buying the Port of Grangemouth and remained under railway management until 1948 when it was taken over by the British Transport Commission.

A canal reborn

Rights of navigation were extinguished by Parliament in 1963, however, the canal was triumphantly reopened in 2001 as part of the £78m Millennium Link - the largest canal restoration ever in Britain. The project incorporated the construction of the iconic Falkirk Wheel which, when opened in June 2002, reconnected the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals for the first time in over 70 years.

Want to know more?

Take a journey through time in pictures and see how the Forth & Clyde Canal has evolved since it opened in 1790.

Top tips

  • Why was the canal built?
    It was built to join the Firth of Clyde on the west coast to the Firth of Forth on the east. Building a canal through the narrowest part of Scotland meant avoiding the risky and time-consuming sail around the north coast.
  • How long did it take to build?
    Constructed between 1768 and 1790. Work stopped in 1777 due to a lack of money, but started again in 1785. The canal was closed in 1963 when the rights of navigation were extinguished by parliament, but reopened in 2001 as part of Britain’s largest ever canal restoration project.
  • Who used the canal?
    Joining with the Monkland and Union Canals, a whole lowland waterway network was created. Cargoes of timber, coal, clay and sand were transported along the canal, and there was also a regular passenger service. The advent of steam brought paddle steamers and puffers to the canal.
  • Who uses the canal today?
    Yachts, cruisers, narrowboats, holidaymakers, canal societies, walkers, runners, cyclists can all be seen enjoying the Forth & Clyde Canal today.
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